Metro Vancouver residents may have noticed lawns across the region are more of a chewed-up eyesore than usual this fall.
As in past years, raccoons, skunks and birds are digging for tasty grubs, mainly the invasive European chafer beetle.
But what may be making it seem worse this year is a beetle boom over the past two summers, says Douglas Justice, associate director of the UBC Botanical Gardens.
Justice said chafer beetles fly in June and look for places to lay eggs at night where there’s light, such as under a full moon or near street lamps. They also look for the right substrate, particularly mowed grass, where larvae can feed on supple roots.
The grubs have a strong scent, so when they’re closer to the surface, it’s a festive fall buffet for birds, skunks and raccoons looking to fatten up for the winter.
“The combination of the light and the surface will invite the female chafer to lay her eggs,” he said. “If we have a wet year, like a wet fall, then the soil becomes very saturated. And then the chafer larvae tend to migrate toward the surface of the soil. And so when we have a lot of wet weather, it’s much easier for the raccoons and skunks and the crows and European starlings, and maybe even coyotes, to flip the turf over.”
Insects tend to live in cycles, said Justice, adding that last year wasn’t as bad as this year, so the region might be experiencing a peak chafer season.
“I think what’s happening is that we have a lot of chafers, and they’re close to the surface, and so there are a lot of different predators that are going for them, and this is what’s making a mess,” said Justice. “This is all based on the fact that we probably had a very, very good June for chafer flight.”
According to Daniel Forrest, a PhD candidate at the University of B.C.’s institute for resources, environment and sustainability, it could be worse, because another invasive bug has been thrown into the mix.
He said Japanese beetles have similar habits when it comes to laying eggs in lawn substrate.
“I’ve seen signs out for Japanese beetles in the last three seasons, where homeowners or property managers are hiring these pest control companies to control for the Japanese beetle, in addition to the chafer beetle,” said Forrest.
There’s also a feedback loop happening. Experts say the more the grubs eat the roots of the grass, the weaker the grass becomes, making it easier for critters to dig it up.
You may have noticed an increase in crows pecking away at the messed-up turf. Justice said they’re scavenging for the scraps that the nocturnal mammals leave behind.
“The crows are working the day shift, and the raccoons and the skunks the night shift,” he said.
The best way to battle the beetle is to cut the lawn really high, said Justice.
“Keep the turf nice and healthy. But cut it high, like more than five centimetres tall. A lot of people don’t like that because it looks kind of bushy, but it really does prevent the chafer. It’s not optimal for the chafer to lay her eggs — what she wants is a really close-cut lawn.”
The other thing municipalities can do is turn off any bright lights on turf at night during the time the beetles are known to lay eggs. Justice said this typically occurs from mid-to-late June, depending on the temperature.
Residents can also throw a tarp over their lawns during June’s full moon to prevent chafers laying eggs, and then take it off during the day so the grass can grow, Justice added.
Justice said the garden centre may recommend nematodes, which are microscopic worms known to parasitize the grubs. But that’s not always the best solution.
“So you think that’s great and buy a package of these things, and you apply it. And they say, ‘Make sure you water well.’ But, of course, if we have water restrictions, you may not be able to get enough water on the lawn to allow the nematodes to swim,” he said.
As well, if the soil temperature isn’t warm enough, then the nematodes aren’t active.
“The combination of warmth and water usually corresponds with when water restrictions are happening. So it’s often not successful.”
The European chafer beetle was first recorded in B.C. in 2001 in lawns and turf along boulevards in New Westminster, according to Metro. It has since spread to many communities in the region.
These beetles have damaged turf grass lawns and sports fields throughout Metro.
The Japanese beetle was first found in downtown Vancouver in July 2017, according to the Invasive Species Council of B.C. Adult beetles damage plants while the beetle larvae live underground and damage the roots of turf and grasses.
Climate modellers predict that the Metro region will experience warmer temperatures, a decrease in snowpack, and longer dry spells in summer months and more precipitation in autumn, winter and spring, according to a
on the chafer beetle.
These changes will stress many sensitive ecosystems, increasing their vulnerability to invasive species. While there’s no specific information on how European chafer beetles will adapt to climate change, researchers have noted that warmer weather has caused other white grub species to adapt well.
The chafer beetle will likely adapt to drought and warmer climates, possibly thriving in the warming climate, the report said.
Forrest said many residents are already switching up their lawns in favour of wild grasses, gardens, shrubs and flowers that attract more biodiversity.
He said while sports turfs are an important part of communities, many residents are leaning into the idea that they don’t need lawns in their backyard.
The lawn esthetic is rooted in homeowners wanting lawns like the British aristocracy. It later became standard for developers when designing detached homes, he said.
But that idea is shifting as the climate warms, residences are subject to more watering restrictions and people turn to drought-resistant shrubs and trees.
“For a long time, people were locked into the idea of the lawn, but it’s changing,” said Forrest. “There was this idea of having to maintain this perfect lawn, and then the lawn ultimately became seen to be a representation of being a good citizen and good neighbour.”
Residents began associating overgrown or unkempt lawns with the idea that there was something wrong with the resident.
So now, some Vancouverites who are letting their gardens grow wild will put up signs explaining to passersby that they’re encouraging biodiversity, said Forrest.
Forrest said it’s important to bring back bees, birds and other creatures into the urban environment because the planet is experiencing a biodiversity crisis, with a million species on the brink of extinction worldwide.
